Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) today remains an essential part of the world’s infrastructure for both navigational guidance and as a highly accurate time reference. Four major constellations orbit the planet: GPS, Galileo, GLONASS, and BeiDou. Under normal conditions, GNSS serves as a highly accurate and stable time reference for our grid. There are, however, two primary weaknesses/threats to recieving accurate information from the constellations: Jamming & Spoofing. In this presentation, we will will describe these two vulnerabilities, explore their severity and offer some mitigation technologies to adequately address the threats.

Session sponsored by Meinberg USA